Resumo Objetivos: o aumento de sobrepeso e obesidade em mulheres jovens e adultos é uma preocupação cada vez maior, e a reprodução tem sido associado com o aumento de peso persistente. Descrever alguns fatores de comportamento materno, relacionados com lactância materna, dieta, atividade física, horas de sonho e alterações clínico-metabólicas associadas com retenção e / ou ganancia de peso postparto. Métodos: livros de informação e artigos publicados na literatura nacional e internacional nas seguintes bases de dados foram coletados: LILACS - MEDLINE / PubMed, e SciELO; LILACS - Sociedade Brasileira de Ciências Biomédicas. Resultados: a revisão da literatura sugere que a lactância ou o exercício por solos não tem filhos suficientes para retornar ao peso pregestacional, quando nenhum filho acompanhado por restrições na ingesta calórica. A redução de horas de sonho afecta os comportamentos alimentares eo padrão de atividade gerando um menor gasto calórico, além de alterar o metabolismo glucémico. A obesidade materna produto de exceção ganancia de peso na gestação, o retenção e / ou ganancia de peso no pós-parto, aumenta o risco de síndrome metabólico. Conclusões: as intervenções durante o pós-parto são de suma importância para a saúde metabólica materna e podem ser chave para atenuar o risco transgeneracional de obesidade materno / infantil.

Abstract Objectives: to describe some factors of maternal behavior such as breastfeeding, diet, physical activity, sleep and clinical-metabolic disorders associated with retention and/or weight gain during postpartum. Methods: specific articles on the subject were searched in LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO databases. Results: the literature review suggests that breastfeeding or physical activity alone are not enough to return to the pre-pregnancy weight, if they are not combined with restrictions of energy intake. Reduced sleep affects both eating habits and activity patterns resulting in lower energy expenditure, in addition to altering the glycemic metabolism. Conclusions: maternal obesity increases the risk of metabolic syndrome. Interventions during postpartum are critical for maternal health and could be the key in reducing the risk of transgenerational maternal/childhood obesity.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to describe the nutritional status and eating patterns of children aged 1-3 years from low-income families who reside in areas with different productive activities: primary production and production of goods and services. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed with a qualitative and quantitative methodology, evaluating anthropometric and biochemical nutritional status, food intake, economic and demographic characteristics, dietary practices and representations. The results show that children from areas of primary production had a lower prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency. They also had a higher consumption of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin A and protein and a greater diversity and quality in food consumption. We can conclude that the geographical context of families closer to sources of primary production favors interaction with individuals outside of the family, expanding both the informal social network and access to better quality nutritional food.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es describir el estado nutricional y los patrones de alimentación de niños de 1 a 3 años de familias de bajos recursos, que residen en dos áreas con diferentes actividades productivas: producción primaria y de bienes y servicios. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con metodología cuali-cuantitativa; se evaluó el estado nutricional antropométrico y bioquímico, ingesta alimentaria, características económicas y sociodemográficas, prácticas alimentarias y representaciones. Los resultados muestran que los niños del área de producción primaria presentaron menor prevalencia de anemia y deficiencia de hierro. Asimismo tuvieron un consumo superior de energía, calcio, zinc, vitamina A y proteínas y una mayor diversidad y calidad en el consumo de alimentos. Podemos concluir que el contexto geográfico de las familias que residen cerca de fuentes de producción primaria favorecería la interacción con individuos ajenos a la familia, ampliando la red social informal y el acceso a alimentos de mejor calidad nutricional.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to describe the nutritional status and eating patterns of children aged 1-3 years from low-income families who reside in areas with different productive activities: primary production and production of goods and services. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed with a qualitative and quantitative methodology, evaluating anthropometric and biochemical nutritional status, food intake, economic and demographic characteristics, dietary practices and representations. The results show that children from areas of primary production had a lower prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency. They also had a higher consumption of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin A and protein and a greater diversity and quality in food consumption. We can conclude that the geographical context of families closer to sources of primary production favors interaction with individuals outside of the family, expanding both the informal social network and access to better quality nutritional food.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es describir el estado nutricional y los patrones de alimentación de niños de 1 a 3 años de familias de bajos recursos, que residen en dos áreas con diferentes actividades productivas: producción primaria y de bienes y servicios. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con metodología cuali-cuantitativa; se evaluó el estado nutricional antropométrico y bioquímico, ingesta alimentaria, características económicas y sociodemográficas, prácticas alimentarias y representaciones. Los resultados muestran que los niños del área de producción primaria presentaron menor prevalencia de anemia y deficiencia de hierro. Asimismo tuvieron un consumo superior de energía, calcio, zinc, vitamina A y proteínas y una mayor diversidad y calidad en el consumo de alimentos. Podemos concluir que el contexto geográfico de las familias que residen cerca de fuentes de producción primaria favorecería la interacción con individuos ajenos a la familia, ampliando la red social informal y el acceso a alimentos de mejor calidad nutricional.

Introduction. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is high among infants younger than two years old, especially in disadvantaged populations. Objective. To study certain social and biological determinants associated with IDA in children aged 12 to 23.9 months old in Northeast Argentina in the 2004-2005 period. Methodology. Cross-sectional design. Explanatory outcome measures were organized in three levels: distal (food assistance, unmet basic needs, and head of household with medical coverage), intermediate (breastfeeding, iron supplementation, and iron intake), and proximal (nutritional status, gestational age, birth weight, age, and sex). The association between selected outcome measures and IDA (Hb< 11 g/dL, ferritin < 12 ng/dL, WBCs < 15 000/mL) was assessed using logistic regression models withhierarchical selection of outcome measures. Results. Lack of food assistance (OR: 1.85 |#91;1.14, 3.02|#93;) and inadequate iron intake (OR: 2.60 |#91;1.18, 5.71|#93;) were associated with IDA. The prevalence of anemia was higher with a younger gestational age (OR: 0.89 |#91;0.81, 0.97|#93;) and a younger age in months old (OR: 0.90 |#91;0.84, 0.96|#93;). Conclusions. This study evidences the strong and complex relationship between social determinants and anemia, a disease that is highly prevalent among young children. Food assistance programs may have a protective effect against IDA; consumption of fortified foods may improve iron intake in infants younger than two years old. In addition, emphasis is placed on the need to assess the impact of policies on population health.

Introducción. La prevalencia de anemia por déficit de hierro (ADH) es alta en niños menores de dos años, especialmente en poblaciones carenciadas. Objetivo. Estudiar algunos determinantes sociales y biológicos que se asocian con la ADH en niños de 12 a 23,9 meses de edad de la región del Noreste Argentino durante los años 2004-2005. Metodología. Diseño transversal. Las variables explicativas fueron organizadas en tres niveles: distal (asistencia alimentaria, necesidades básicas insatisfechas, cobertura médica del j efe de hogar), intermedio (lactancia materna, suplementación con hierro y consumo de hierro) y proximal (estado nutricional, edad gestacional, peso al nacer, edad y sexo). La asociación entre las variables seleccionadas y ADH (Hb < 11 g/dl, ferritina < 12 ng/dl, glóbulos blancos < 15 000 ml) fue examinada con modelos de regresión logística con selecciónjerárquica de las variables. Resultados. La falta de asistencia alimentaria |#91;OR 1,85 (1,14; 3,02)|#93; y el consumo inadecuado de hierro |#91;OR 2,60 (1,18; 5,71)|#93; fueron asociados a ADH. Cuanto menor la edad gestacional |#91;OR 0,89 (0,81; 0,97)|#93; y menor la edad en meses |#91;OR 0,90 (0,84; 0,96)|#93;, mayor la prevalencia de anemia. Conclusiones. Este estudio pone en evidencia la estrecha y compleja relación entre los determinantes sociales y una enfermedad altamente prevalente en niños pequenos, como la anemia. Los programas de asistencia alimentaria tendrían un efecto protector sobre la ADH; el consumo de alimentos fortificados mejoraría la ingesta de hierro en los niños menores de dos años de edad. Se resalta, además, la necesidad de realizar evaluaciones del impacto de las políticas sobre la salud de la población.